Ihlabathi linengxaki enkulu yeebhotile zeplastiki.Ubukho bayo elwandle buye baba yinkxalabo yehlabathi.Indalo yayo yaqala ngo-1800 xa ibhotile yeplastiki yakhulelwa njengendlela yokugcina i-sodas epholile kwaye ibhotile ngokwayo yayiyintandokazi.Inkqubo ebandakanyekayo ekwenzeni ibhotile yeplastiki yaqala ngokudibanisa kweekhemikhali zeentlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zegesi kunye neoli ye-oyile eyaziwa ngokuba yi-monomers.Ezi khompawundi zaye zanyibilika zaze zaphinda zabunjwa zibe ngumngundo.Iibhotile zazaliswa ngoomatshini.
Namhlanje, olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwebhotile yeplastiki yiPET.I-PET ilula kwaye isoloko isetyenziselwa iibhotile zesiselo.Xa iphinda isetyenzisiwe, ithotywa kumgangatho kwaye inokugqibela njengezinto zomthi okanye zefiber.Abavelisi kusenokufuneka bongeze iplastiki enyulu ukugcina umgangatho ofanayo.Ngelixa i-PET inokuphinda isetyenziswe, eyona nto imbi kukuba kunzima ukuyicoca.Ngelixa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe i-PET kubalulekile kwindalo esingqongileyo, le plastiki ibe yenye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiibhotile.
Ukuveliswa kwe-PET yinkqubo enkulu yamandla kunye namanzi.Le nkqubo ifuna izixa ezikhulu zamafutha efosili, nto leyo eyenza ibe yinto engcolisa kakhulu.Ngeminyaka yoo-1970, i-US yayilelona lizwe lithumela ioli kumazwe angaphandle.Namhlanje, sesona sithengi-oyile esikhulu kwihlabathi.Kwaye i-25% yeebhotile zeplastiki esizisebenzisayo zenziwe ngeoli.Kwaye oku akuko nokubalwa kwamandla asetyenziswa ukuthutha ezi bhotile.
Olunye uhlobo lwebhotile yeplastiki yi-HDPE.I-HDPE lolona hlobo lungabizi kakhulu noluxhaphakileyo lweplastiki.Inika umqobo olungileyo wokufuma.Nangona i-HDPE ingenayo i-BPA, ithathwa njengekhuselekile kwaye inokuphinda isetyenziswe.Ibhotile ye-HDPE nayo iyabonakala kwaye iboleka kwi-silika yokuhombisa isikrini.Ifanelekile kwiimveliso ezinobushushu obungaphantsi kwe-190 degrees Fahrenheit kodwa ayifanelekanga kwiioli ezibalulekileyo.Ezi bhotile zeplastiki kufuneka zisetyenziselwe iimveliso zokutya kunye nezinto ezingaboliyo, ezifana nejusi.
Ezinye zeebhotile zamanzi ezidumileyo ziqulethe i-BPA, eyikhompawundi yokwenziwa eyaziwayo ngokuphazamisa inkqubo ye-endocrine.Iphazamisa ukuveliswa kwehomoni yomzimba kwaye iye yanxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko owandayo weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza ebantwaneni.Ke, ukusela amanzi kwiibhotile zeplastiki ayisiyongozi yempilo kuphela, kodwa ikwanegalelo kunyawo lwebhotile yeplastiki.Ukuba unomdla wokuphepha ezi khemikhali ezinobuthi, qiniseka ukuba ukhethe ibhotile yamanzi ekhululekile kwi-BPA kunye nezinye izongezo zeplastiki.
Esinye isisombululo esihle songcoliseko lweplastiki kukuthenga iibhotile zamanzi eziphinda zisetyenziswe.Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuthengiswa okwandisiweyo kweebhotile ezinokuzaliswa kwakhona kunokugcina ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7.6 yeebhiliyoni zeebhotile zeplastiki ekungeneni elwandle nyaka ngamnye.Urhulumente unokunqanda okanye avale iibhotile zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye kuphela ukunciphisa ungcoliseko ezilukhuphela elwandle.Ungaqhakamshelana nabaqulunqi bemigaqo-nkqubo basekhaya kwaye ubazise ukuba uyasixhasa isenzo sokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweplastiki okungafunekiyo.Ungaphinda ucinge ngokuba lilungu lombutho wakho wendalo esingqongileyo ukuze uzibandakanye kolu mzamo.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa ibhotile yeplastiki ibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi.Okokuqala, iipellet zeplastiki zifudunyezwa kwisitofu sokungunda.Umoya woxinzelelo oluphezulu emva koko uvuthela iipellet zeplastiki.Emva koko, iibhotile kufuneka zipholile ngokukhawuleza ukugcina ukumila kwazo.Enye inketho kukujikeleza initrogen engamanzi okanye ukuvuthela umoya kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.Ezi nkqubo ziqinisekisa ukuba ibhotile yeplastiki izinzile kwaye ayilahlekelwa yimilo yayo.Xa sele ipholile, ibhotile yeplastiki inokuzaliswa.
Ukurisayikilisha kubalulekile, kodwa uninzi lweebhotile zeplastiki aziphinda zisetyenziswe.Nangona amanye amaziko okurisayikilisha esamkela iibhotile ezisetyenzisiweyo, uninzi luphela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma okanye elwandle.Iilwandle zinendawo ephakathi kwe-5 ne-13 lezigidi zeetoni zeplastiki nyaka ngamnye.Izidalwa zaselwandle ziginya iplastiki kwaye enye ide ingene nakwikhonkco lokutya.Iibhotile zeplastiki zenzelwe ukuba zibe zizinto ezisetyenziswa kanye.Nangona kunjalo, ungabakhuthaza abanye ukuba baphinde basebenzise kwaye bakhethe iindlela ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe kunye nezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe endaweni yoko.
Iibhotile zeplastiki zenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo.Uninzi lwezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-PE, PP, kunye nePC.Ngokuqhelekileyo, iibhotile ezenziwe nge-polyethylene ziyabonakala okanye zi-opaque.Ezinye iipolymers zi-opaque ngakumbi kunezinye.Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izixhobo zi-opaque kwaye zinokunyibilika.Oku kuthetha ukuba ibhotile yeplastiki eyenziwe ngeplastiki engaphinda isetyenziswe idla ngokuba neendleko ezingaphezulu kuneyenziwe ngezinto eziphinda zisetyenziswe.Nangona kunjalo, iinzuzo zokurisayikilisha iplastiki zixabisa iindleko ezongezelelweyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-07-2022